Natural Hazards
IGCSE (Year 10–11) 🏔️ Physical Geography Tectonic and tropical hazards; prediction, prevention, preparation.
🌋 Natural Hazards
A natural hazard is a natural process that threatens people or property.
Tectonic Hazards
Earthquakes (focus → epicentre → seismic waves), tsunamis (displaced ocean floor), volcanic eruptions (lava, ash, pyroclastics).
Tropical Cyclones
Form over warm water (26°C+). Low pressure, strong winds, heavy rain, storm surges. Hurricane/typhoon/cyclone depending on region.
Reducing Risk
Prediction (monitoring, early warning), prevention (land-use planning, building codes), preparation (evacuation plans, education).
Development Factor
HICs suffer fewer deaths (better infrastructure) but greater economic losses. LICs suffer far more casualties.
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