Coasts IGCSE
IGCSE (Year 10–11) 🏔️ Physical Geography Coastal processes, landforms, sea-level change, coastal management.
🌊 Coastal Processes
Coasts are shaped by erosion, transportation, and deposition by waves and other marine processes.
Wave Types
Destructive: high, steep, strong backwash, erodes coast. Constructive: low, gentle, strong swash, builds beaches.
Erosion Processes
Hydraulic action, abrasion (corrasion), attrition, solution (corrosion). Create: caves, arches, stacks, headlands.
Sea Level Change
Eustatic (global ocean level change) and isostatic (land rises or falls). Climate change is causing eustatic rise now.
Management
Hard: sea walls, groynes, rip-rap. Soft: beach nourishment, managed retreat. Always involves trade-offs.
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